Photoelasticity: Behavior of Light, Polarized Light. Plane Polarizers and Wave Plates, Arrangement of Optical Elements in a Polariscopic, Theory of Photo elasticity: Stressed Model in Plane Polariscope and Circular Polariscope. Analysis Techniques: Isochromatic and Isoclinic Fringe Patterns, Compensation Techniques, stress separation Techniques, Three Dimensional Photo elasticity: Stress freezing technique, Interpretation Fringe Patterns, Effective Stresses. Shear Difference Method. Electrical Resistance Strain Gauge: Strain sensitivity, Gauge Construction, Temperature Compensation, Gauge Selection, Correction for transverse Strain effects, Semiconductor Strain Gauges. Rosette Analysis - three element rectangular Rosette, Delta Rosettes, Brittle Coating Method: Coating methods and stress analysis, Failure Theories, Crack Patterns produced by Direct Loading, Pattern Produced by Releasing the Load, Double Crack Pattern, Crack Detection, Biaxial stress Field.